Turbo-unipolar generator.



0. SCHULZ. .TUBBO-UNIPOLAR GENERATOR. APPLIUATIoN FILED MBA, 1909.

958,681. Patented May 17, 1910.

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oT'ro SCHULZ, or scHLAcH'rENsEE, NEAR BERLIN,- eizMANY.

' TURBO-UNIPOLAR GENERATOR.

= Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 1'7, 1910.

Application filed Eebruary 4, 1909. Serial No; 476,027.

fit mayl concern: Be' 1t known that I, Orro SCHULZ, a sub- -ject ofthe German Emperor, and residing 4at Schlachtensee, near Berlin, Germany, Ahave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbo-Unipolar Generators,

y of which the following isa specication.

han that Off It'is'well known to those skilledfin the 'art .that if the -armatures of a unipolar dynamo. electric machine rotates side by side in opposite directions, the armature reaction is canceled.` It is also known that the economical speed of a pair. of turbine wheels rotating in opposite directions when one is recelving motiye fluid from the other is onezsingle wheel.

'f-' v,The objectsof; this vinvention therefore larel to."construct-a turbo-unipolar generator which will combine the above features in ordertto obtain a machine-which is efficient v in operation and'simple in construction.

.tao

e turbine may be simple or compound. yIn the compound turbo-generator a pluralit' of opp'psitely rotating rotors are mount ein 'eac lstage and the sets which rotate in the same direction are connected by shafts.v

The invention will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which-. Y'

Fi 4 re 1 is a section showing one form of this invention; Fig. 1a is a diagrammatical Yiew; Fi 2 is a section showing another form of t is invention; Fig. 2a is a diagram; and Figs. 3 and 4 are detail viewsfff Referring to the accompanying drawings, and more particularly to Fig. 1, A designates a casing which hasmounted therein a pair of rotors a which are secured to flange members g,.g. These flange members have formed thereon or secured thereto bearing sleeves p, which are mounted to rotate in.

bearings or pedestals secured to the casing A. The rotors have formed thereon turbine vanes, b, the vanes of one rotor being oppositely directed from the vanes on the other rotor. The steam is admitted at w and discharged at y.' By means of the above construction, the rotors are driven in opposite directions, the steam exhausted from one rotor impinging upon the blades of the other rotor.` This is diagrammatically shown 1n Fig. 1- which also shows diagrammatically a nozzle for expanding the motive fluid. The rotors arearranged to .form the armatures of a unipolar dynamo, and the casing A 1s preferably of magnetic material so as to Vform the field structure and this field is excited by a suitable winding e. Each armature preferably comprises a plurality of disks which are Isuitably insulated from eachother, and are electrically connected to a` sleeve t and a shaft g, which have electrically connected thereto and mounted thereon collector rings Z. The sleeve L ,and shaft g are of course, insulated from each other, as shown.. 'Ihe current is collected from the armatures by means of brushes D bearing on the armature disks directly, and by means of brushes d bearin upon the collector rings. The direction o the current is shown by the arrows in Fig. 1. It will be understood that the rotors 'are suitably s aced and insulated from each other, and t iat they are also insulated from the casing A, and the bearings or pedestals. In order to protect the winding e and the brushes against the steam, these parts are protected by an annular bridge B which separates the steam spaces from the brushes and wind-v ing. A suitable steam packing y preferably of the labyrinth type, as shown, is provided in order to make a steam tight joint. It will be 4seen that the vsteam admitted at will drive the rotors in opposite directions, thereby causing lthe speed in this case to be halved, and canceling all armature reaction.

InlFig. 2 is shown a compound turbo-generator. In this case, the casings A forming separate pressure stages, are mounted on a single bed plate. The casings as in the construction shown in Fig. l, preferably form, the field structure for the generator, the path of the flux being shown by the dotted line c. In this case, the high pressure turbine, shown at the left of the figure, is also provided with a bridge K which protects the brushes D and the winding e. The steam is admittethto the left hand casing and after it is exhausted, it is discharged into the right hand casing, and there utilized. In order to permit inspection of the parts, removable cover plates O are provided. In order to support the rotors, a cen# trai shaft g is mounted for rotation in end bearings in the casings, the end bearings being insulated from the casing byl suitable insulating sleeves s. This shaft g is rigidly and electrically connected' to the outside armature disks of the outside rotors. The

inside armature disks of the outside rotors, are rigidly and electrically connected 'by means of a sleeve m, the armature disks of the outside rotors, the shaftg and the sleeve m being rigidly connected so as to rotate to., ;ether.- The armature disks oit' the inside rotors are also rigidly and electricallyT connected by sleeves n, n. The outside sleeve n is mounted in a central bearing .which is insulatedly mounted in a central pedestal, the insulation being indicated by s. It Will, be understood that the shalt g and the sleeves m, n, n, are insulated from each other as shown in the ligures.

The direction of the current is shownby the arrows, and the terminals of the machine are indicated by '-l- 'and All the armature disks, of all the rotors are .elecn trically connected in series by means of the brushes l) and the brushes r. The flow of the current can 'be readily traced by means oi' the arrows; By means of'this const-rncn tion and connection, the voltage of the machine is relatively high, While the Speed of the rotors is relatively low.

1While the brushes 7 may beoi:ra various constructions, they are'preferably of the construction shoWnin Figs. 3 and 4i. These brushes r are electrically conducting elastic rollers or balls located between the armatures and rolling on the. sides of the same. The brushes may consistv of a single hollow elastic metal ring Whose normal diameter is slightly larger than the distance between the armatures 0 so that the' slightly deformed ring lies against the armatures with a surface sufficient for transmitting the current. rllie roller brush however, he made elastic by` placing vseveral rings of thin sheet metal one Within the other, as' shown in Fig.' 4. In this case, the multiple l rings form an exceedingly elastic layer which can be flattened suiicient for the transmission of current, Without anyy permanent deformation of the roller as a Whole. 4 These rollers are especially .useful when used With the unipolar armatures since friction is thereby greatly reduced, and in addition these rollers form a convenient and etlicient Velectrical connection. vThe armatures are preferably provided Withv shallow grooves inwhich the brushes i" roll.

As will be understood from the above, my turbo-unipolar generator having rotors rotating in opposite directions has the improvements aimed at, and also possesses other great advantages over the system 'known heretofore. In the 'case of thecoinbination of a turbine and.unip lar generator using a single turbine Wheel', the velocity or the steam makes necessary in the interest of eiciency such a high velocity of the rotor or armature that it 'is practically impossible vto collect the current `with the means in use ses . with incasing means l, .communicating pressure se heretofore.- i lov" uneconoinical an which are insulm ments, so that t l be unpracticable. l 'i i" chine, however, in Y orrarmatures ro the circumfere as far'as possible sions which are p reduction in speed greater number of i the other hand, hou" Speeds may be used chine, as it is ness peculiar connection brushes owing to rotating in opposite Having thus descr. is claimed i:

l. In a turbo-gen for magnetizing, said in plurality1 of rotors rei/older rections in each comprising one blades at the pe blades of alternate i ing voppositely having central. ing the same tege being rigidly conneWe attachments located tachments..

2. In a'dynani l bination with netie 4hield, of k luble in opposite rollers between the arniat connecting them each rolle; b contact with' two arma-ares, said comprising elastic cylinders.

3. In a turbo-generator, the combination of a casing having a chamber provided v'vith an inlet and an outlet, plurality of rotors revoluble in said casing and exto.. rling into said chamber, said' rotors each coi, Airisingone or more armatures having oppositely directed blades at the peripl'iery of same, a field Winding in said. chamber for .enern gizing the casing, brushes in said chamber contacting With said rotors, and a bridge in rolling rollers 'lio said chamber separating the part thereof containing Asaid brushes and ield Winding from the part thereof containing said blades.

l. In a turbo-generator., the combination with a casing and means for inagnetizing the casing, of an armati e revcluble in said casing and provided. 'h turbine varies,

`means for supplying motive lluid tosaid im;w

vanes, collecting brushes` bearin on arn mature, and a bridge in said La ng separat ing said brushes and said vanea .In a trboenerator, the Acombination In testimony-whereof,1 affix my signature 10 a. casing, o? a' winding in said casing in the presence of two Witnesses. f Qr magnet-z'mg the same, an armature rev- Qlublg in said fusing `andprovided with tur- OTTO SCHULZ. 5 ne valles, means QI' supplying motive fluid VV-tn s s,

120,.. ,said varies, collecting-brushes bearing on 1 TSODW H IAR AUPT sald-armature, and a brldge 1n sald casmg H Y H PF se'nlating said Wpdng and brushes from ELRY AS R' saldvanes. 'v 

